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Pediatric Airway Management: From Fetus to Adolescent
Annery G Garcia-Marcinkiewicz1, Olivia Nelson1, Susan C Nicolson2
1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Anesthesiology Clinics
|March 4, 2026
Summary
Managing pediatric airways is complex due to developmental changes. This review covers evidence-based strategies from fetal stages to adolescence, highlighting new technologies for better airway care.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Neonatal Care
Background:
- Pediatric airway management is challenging due to significant anatomical and physiological variations across developmental stages.
- Effective airway management is critical for patient safety from fetal development through adolescence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of evidence-based pediatric airway management strategies.
- To highlight advancements and emerging technologies in the field.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of current literature on pediatric airway management.
- Analysis of evidence-based approaches from prenatal diagnosis to adolescent care.
- Focus on recent innovations like video laryngoscopy and apneic oxygenation.
Main Results:
- Current evidence supports advanced techniques like video laryngoscopy for improved visualization.
- Apneic oxygenation strategies are crucial for maintaining oxygenation during procedures.
- Cognitive error prevention and new technologies are enhancing safety and efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric airway management requires tailored, evidence-based approaches across all age groups.
- Technological advancements, including video laryngoscopy and improved oxygenation techniques, are transforming pediatric airway care.
- Continuous learning and adaptation to new technologies are essential for optimal outcomes.
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