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Relationships between intraindividual cognitive variability, self-reported cognitive dysfunction, and functional
Kaitlin E Riegler1, Lindsay O Neto2,3, Aaron P Turner4,5
1RWJ Barnabas Health Medical Group, Multiple Sclerosis Care Center, Livingston, NJ, USA.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|March 5, 2026
Summary
Intraindividual cognitive variability (IIV) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) was linked to fewer self-reported memory issues, but not mean performance. Increased IIV may indicate cognitive decline, aiding early intervention.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Clinical Neurology
Background:
- Intraindividual cognitive variability (IIV) may signal subtle cognitive impairments and predict future decline.
- Understanding IIV in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is crucial for early detection of cognitive difficulties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between IIV, self-perceived cognitive problems, and functional limitations in pwMS.
- To explore how different measures of IIV correlate with cognitive performance and subjective reports.
Main Methods:
- Assessed IIV using intraindividual standard deviation (ISD), maximum discrepancy score (MDS), and coefficient of variance (CoV) from 11 neuropsychological tests.
- Administered the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), Test of Everyday Cognitive Abilities (TECA), and functional memory questionnaires to 35 pwMS.
- Utilized partial Spearman correlations, controlling for premorbid functioning or symptom ratings.
Main Results:
- Increased IIV (ISD, CoV) correlated with fewer self-reported functional memory problems and less perceived cognitive dysfunction.
- PDQ scores were associated with IIV measures (MDS, ISD) when controlling for symptoms.
- TECA performance correlated with IIV (CoV, ISD) and mean performance, indicating mixed findings regarding cognitive abilities.
Conclusions:
- A discrepancy exists between pwMS's perception of functional difficulties and objective cognitive measures.
- IIV, rather than mean performance, appears linked to subjective cognitive complaints in pwMS.
- Further research on IIV is essential for developing early identification and intervention strategies for cognitive issues in pwMS.
Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisPerceived Deficits Questionnairecognitive dysfunctionfunctional difficultiesintraindividual cognitive variability (IIV)More Related Videos
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