Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

1.5K
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
1.5K
Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:18

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

2.0K
Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are...
2.0K
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

2.2K
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An attempt to improve recognition of fetal acidemia by a remodeled intrapartum cardiotocography classification: A case-control study.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Association between different types and characteristics of fetal deceleration during labour and neonatal acidemia at delivery: A case-control study.

European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X·2025
Same author

CTG interpretation templates affect residents' decision making.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2023
Same author

Sporadic accelerations during labor strongly indicate normal pH, whereas periodic accelerations do not: a case-control study.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2022
Same author

Reply to; a letter to the editor regarding the article "Impaired validity of the new FIGO and Swedish CTG classification templates to identify fetal acidosis in the first stage of labor".

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2021
Same author

Time to reconsider: Have the 2015 FIGO and 2017 Swedish intrapartum cardiotocogram classifications led us from Charybdis to Scylla?

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

40.9K

Contraction frequency and acidemia at birth: A case-control study.

Johanna Wagner Bjurström1,2,3, Gisela Rickle4,5, Maria Fogelberg1,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Higher labor contraction frequency is linked to fetal acidemia. Even with normal fetal heart monitoring, more than five contractions per 10 minutes increase the risk of acidosis.

Keywords:
asphyxia neonatorumcardiotocographyfetal acidemiatachysystoleuterine contractionuterine monitoring

More Related Videos

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

9.9K
Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
05:40

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

624

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
05:58

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

Published on: September 6, 2017

40.9K
Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

9.9K
Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs
05:40

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

624

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Monitoring
  • Neonatal Acidosis

Background:

  • Lack of consensus on safe contraction frequency limits during labor.
  • Investigating the relationship between contraction frequency and fetal acidemia.
  • Examining the influence of oxytocin, cardiotocography (CTG) classification, and labor stage on this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between varying contraction frequencies and neonatal acidemia.
  • To determine if oxytocin augmentation, CTG classification, or labor stage modify this association.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study utilizing CTG traces from southern Sweden (2012-2017).
  • Cases defined by umbilical artery pH thresholds (<7.1 or <7.05 based on delivery mode).
  • Controls selected at a 1:2 ratio with pH ≥7.15; CTG traces analyzed blinded to outcome.

Main Results:

  • Increased contraction frequency (≥5 per 10 min) showed a significant association with acidemia (ORs ranging from 1.6 to 4.3).
  • A frequency of >5 contractions/10 min was associated with acidemia in both spontaneous and oxytocin-augmented labor.
  • This association persisted regardless of CTG classification (normal, suspicious, or pathological).

Conclusions:

  • Increasing labor contraction frequency is incrementally associated with fetal acidemia.
  • A contraction frequency exceeding five per 10 minutes is linked to acidemia, even with normal fetal heart rate patterns.
  • While increased risk is evident at five contractions/10 min, its poor positive predictive value suggests caution in interpretation.