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Distinct Proteomic Signatures Driving Progression of Sarcopenia: A Longitudinal Multicohort Study.

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This study identified plasma protein signatures linked to sarcopenia progression. These biomarkers, including complement activation and inflammatory response, may aid in early detection and intervention for age-related muscle loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia is a significant age-related decline in muscle mass and function, leading to frailty and poor health outcomes.
  • Limited longitudinal data and external validation exist for molecular biomarkers of sarcopenia progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and validate plasma protein biomarkers associated with sarcopenia progression using high-throughput proteomic analysis.
  • To investigate the underlying molecular pathways involved in sarcopenia development and maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Applied data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry to plasma samples from two independent prospective cohorts (n=171 and n=93).
  • Utilized targeted quantification and immunoassays for validation of key protein findings.
  • Performed multivariable regression and pathway enrichment analyses to identify significant associations and biological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified 102 differentially expressed proteins in the discovery cohort; APOA1, KLKB1, and LECT2 showed significant changes in individuals developing sarcopenia.
  • Observed elevated B2M, S100A9, and LYZ in persistently sarcopenic individuals.
  • Validated seven protein signatures (LRG1, CST3, TIMP1, C2, ITIH1, AMBP, LYZ) consistently associated with sarcopenia components across both cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Identified and validated plasma protein signatures and pathways associated with sarcopenia progression.
  • Highlighted complement activation, acute inflammatory response, and lipid dysregulation as central mechanisms.
  • Proposed these validated biomarkers as potential targets for early sarcopenia detection and intervention strategies.