Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

17
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
17
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.4K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

17
Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
17
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

22.2K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
22.2K
Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

1.6K
Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
1.6K
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

1.5K
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electronic Structure of a Binary-Ordered Phase Mn<sub>16</sub>Ge<sub>7</sub>.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Understanding the Structure and Stability of a Partially Disordered "Push-Pull Alloy" Ni<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>11-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub> (0.4 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1.25).

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Structure and Spin-Glass Magnetism of the Fe<sub>1.5</sub>Ni<sub>1.5</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub> Metallic Alloy.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Solving the "Coloring Problem" in InPd<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>Ag<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 0-0.7) by Phase Diagrams Modeling and Diffraction Experiments.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Layered CuGe<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Site-specific substitution in the structure of Ni<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>11</sub> by the coinage metals (<i>Cn</i> = Ag and Au) to alter the magnetism.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.8K

Vacancy-Mediated NiAs-Ni2In-Type Intermetallic Phases: Ni1+δ(In/Sb).

Sandip Kumar Kuila1, Sven Lidin1,2, Partha Pratim Jana1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.

Inorganic Chemistry
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesizes and analyzes nickel-tin and nickel-indium/antimony compounds, revealing how excess nickel atoms influence crystal structure evolution and ordering. Findings detail complex modulated structures and their relationship to nickel occupancy and vacancy disorder.

More Related Videos

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.3K
Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films
13:05

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

2.8K
In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
11:25

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

16.3K
Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films
13:05

Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2 Thin Films

Published on: May 11, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry and materials science.
  • Crystallography and structural analysis.
  • Computational materials science.

Background:

  • The NiAs-type structure and its variants are common in intermetallic compounds.
  • Understanding the influence of non-stoichiometry (excess atoms) on crystal structures is crucial for materials design.
  • Previous studies have explored related nickel-tin and nickel-indium/antimony systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize Ni1+δSn and Ni1+δ(In/Sb) compounds with varying nickel content (δ).
  • To elucidate the crystal structure evolution, including disordered, incommensurately modulated, and ordered superstructures.
  • To investigate the role of excess nickel atoms and vacancy disorder in determining structural outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ni1+δSn (δ = 0.2, 0.4) and Ni1+δ(In/Sb) (δ = 0.1-0.5) alloys.
  • X-ray diffraction studies to determine crystal structures.
  • Modeling of incommensurately modulated structures using (3+1)D superspace formalism.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to rationalize vacancy disorder.

Main Results:

  • Excess nickel atoms in Ni1+δ(In/Sb) occupy interstitial sites, leading to structural transitions from disordered to ordered superstructures.
  • Compounds exhibit NiAs/Ni2In type structures, with intermediate arrangements and incommensurate modulations observed.
  • Specific phases crystallize in orthorhombic superspace groups (Cmcm) with modulation vectors, while others adopt a ternary Ni3Sn2 type structure.
  • Structural outcomes are governed by partial nickel occupancy and vacancy disorder, explained by DFT.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of Ni1+δSn and Ni1+δ(In/Sb) is highly sensitive to nickel stoichiometry and interstitial site occupancy.
  • A complex phase field evolves, characterized by disordered, incommensurately modulated, and commensurately ordered (lock-in) structures.
  • DFT calculations provide insights into the energetic favorability of specific atomic arrangements and vacancy distributions.