Hormone guided estrus synchronization using progesterone sponge and PMSG in goats: a cost-effective optimization...

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Animal Science
• Veterinary Medicine

Background:

• Estrus synchronization is crucial for efficient goat reproduction in intensive farming systems.
• Evaluating different protocols is necessary to optimize breeding management and economic viability.
• Hormonal interventions using progesterone (P4) and gonadotropins are common in estrus synchronization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy of estrus synchronization protocols in goats.
• To identify the most cost-effective regimen for intensive goat farming.
• To analyze hormonal dynamics and reproductive outcomes associated with different protocols.

Main Methods:

• Three estrus synchronization protocols were compared: P4 sponge + PMSG (Group I), P4 sponge + PMSG + PG (Group II), and CIDR + PMSG + PG (Group III).
• Estrus response, pregnancy rates after artificial insemination (AI), and serum hormone levels (P4, E2, LH) were evaluated.
• Medication costs were calculated, and laparoscopic-assisted AI was performed for the most effective protocol.

Main Results:

• Estrus onset was earlier in Groups II and III compared to Group I, but overall estrus and pregnancy rates did not significantly differ (P > 0.05).
• Group I protocol showed the lowest medication costs per doe and per pregnancy.
• Laparoscopic-assisted AI with fresh semen resulted in higher pregnancy rates under the Group I protocol.

Conclusions:

• No significant difference in pregnancy rates was observed among the three estrus synchronization protocols.
• The P4 sponge + PMSG protocol (Group I) is the most cost-effective option for intensive goat production.
• This protocol supports efficient breeding management and economic benefits in commercial goat farming.