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Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Toward Greener Multilayer Packaging Material Solutions Based on Microbial Protein and Polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Kiran Reddy Baddigam1, Elodie Guilloud1, Anna J Svagan1

  • 1Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials Division, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

ACS Applied Engineering Materials
|March 5, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel biobased, biodegradable laminate films using microbial proteins (MPs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). These films offer excellent oxygen barrier properties, overcoming moisture sensitivity issues for sustainable packaging solutions.

Keywords:
laminatemicrobial proteinpackagingpolyhydroxyalkanoatesingle-cell protein

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Sustainable Packaging

Background:

  • Microbial proteins (MPs) offer potential for plastic films with good oxygen barrier properties.
  • Moisture sensitivity degrades the oxygen barrier performance of MP films, similar to EVOH.
  • A need exists for sustainable, biobased alternatives to fossil-based packaging materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop fully biobased and biodegradable laminate films using MPs and PHAs.
  • To address the moisture sensitivity of MP films by incorporating moisture-shielding layers.
  • To evaluate the barrier properties and recyclability of the novel laminate films.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of three-layer laminate films with MP cores and PHA outer layers.
  • Utilizing hot-pressing lamination due to the low-temperature melting of PHAs.
  • Characterization of oxygen and water vapor permeability, water resistance, and UV blocking.

Main Results:

  • Achieved laminates with excellent oxygen barrier properties (2 cm³ mm/(m² day atm)) and low water vapor permeability (<0.1 g mm/(m² day)).
  • Films demonstrated liquid water resistance and UV blocking capabilities.
  • Individual layers could be delaminated for potential recycling: MP layer as fertilizer, PHA for mechanical recycling or composting.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biobased laminate films present a promising sustainable alternative to fossil-based packaging.
  • The novel approach effectively mitigates moisture sensitivity in microbial protein-based films.
  • The design allows for end-of-life options including material recycling and composting.