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Brain Imaging01:14

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
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Sound-based Meditation Alters Brain Activity: EEG Evidence for Power Reduction and Enhanced Conscious Alertness.

Km Megha1, Ankita Mishra2, Raksha Sharma3

  • 1Department of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Annals of Neurosciences
|March 5, 2026
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Summary

Rhythmic sound meditation (RSM) significantly reduced brainwave power across all frequencies, especially in frontal areas. This practice also increased subjective alertness compared to a resting state, highlighting its unique neurophysiological effects.

Keywords:
EEGMeditationfrequency bandsneural oscillationsrhythmic sound meditation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Meditation modulates neural activity and enhances well-being.
  • Previous research focused on alpha and theta activity.
  • Neurophysiological effects of sound-based meditation are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neurophysiological and subjective effects of rhythmic sound meditation (RSM).
  • Compare RSM to a resting state (RS).
  • Identify EEG spectral patterns and changes in subjective alertness during RSM.

Main Methods:

  • 15 healthy adults participated in randomized, counterbalanced RSM and RS sessions.
  • EEG data recorded using a 64-channel system; power spectral density analyzed across delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands.
  • Subjective alertness assessed using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS); Yuen's paired t-test with FDR correction used.

Main Results:

  • RSM significantly reduced EEG power across all frequency bands compared to RS (p < .05, FDR-corrected).
  • Most pronounced EEG power reductions observed in prefrontal and frontocentral regions.
  • Post-RSM, 93.3% reported increased alertness, versus 73.3% post-RS.

Conclusions:

  • RSM induces distinct neurophysiological changes characterized by widespread EEG power suppression.
  • RSM leads to heightened subjective alertness.
  • Findings contribute to understanding sound-based meditation's neuroscientific basis and potential for altered states of consciousness.