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MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening

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Potential Immune Microenvironment Biomarkers in SCLC: J-TAIL-2 Observational Study.

Masayuki Shirasawa¹, Makoto Nishio², Kadoaki Ohashi³

¹Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

JTO Clinical and Research Reports

|March 5, 2026

Summary

High CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density predicts better survival outcomes for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients treated with atezolizumab plus chemotherapy. This finding may help select patients for combination therapy.

Keywords:

Atezolizumab Chemotherapy Immune microenvironment Lung cancer Small cell

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biomarkers

Background:

Predicting response to atezolizumab plus carboplatin/etoposide (CE) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is challenging.
Identifying reliable biomarkers for atezolizumab combination therapy is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the association between CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density and SCLC subtypes with survival outcomes.
To identify potential biomarkers for predicting clinical benefit from atezolizumab plus CE therapy in ES-SCLC.

Main Methods:

An exploratory analysis of the J-TAIL-2 observational study (NCT04501497) involving 100 ES-SCLC patients.
Patients received atezolizumab plus carboplatin/etoposide (CE) in clinical practice.
CD8+ TIL density and SCLC subtypes (SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-P, SCLC-O) were assessed via immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

Patients with high CD8+ TIL density showed significantly longer median progression-free survival (PFS) (6.1 vs. 4.4 months, p=0.01) and overall survival (OS) (18.4 vs. 10.8 months, p=0.04) compared to TIL-low subgroup.
No significant differences in OS or PFS were observed between SCLC subtypes, although the SCLC-N subtype had numerically shorter survival.
56 patients were classified as TIL-high and 40 as TIL-low.

Conclusions:

CD8+ TIL density serves as a potential biomarker for predicting clinical benefit in ES-SCLC patients.
Measuring CD8+ TIL density may aid in patient selection for atezolizumab combination therapy.