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Polymethyl methacrylate-hydroxyapatite: A viable non-metallic alternative for dental implants? Comprehensive surface
Huda R Qaid1,2, Mohammed A Aljunaid2,3, Rini D Ridwan4
1Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
|March 5, 2026
Summary
This study compared surface properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) dental implants. PMMA-HA implants showed the best hydrophilic properties, crucial for osseointegration.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Implantology
- Surface Chemistry
Background:
- Dental implants require specific surface characteristics for successful osseointegration.
- Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are materials of interest for dental implant fabrication.
- Evaluating surface properties is key to understanding implant-bone integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize and compare the surface properties of PMMA-HA, PMMA-HAc, PMMA, and SLA-Ti dental implants.
- To assess the potential of these materials for promoting osseointegration based on their surface characteristics.
- To investigate the influence of HA incorporation and coating on PMMA's surface properties.
Main Methods:
- In vitro experiments using four types of screw implants: PMMA-HA, PMMA coated with HA (PMMA-HAc), PMMA, and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched titanium (SLA-Ti).
- X-ray diffraction to analyze crystallinity and phase composition.
- Atomic force microscopy for surface roughness measurement.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for pore size visualization.
- Contact angle measurements to determine surface wettability.
Main Results:
- SLA-Ti exhibited the highest crystallinity (90%) and surface roughness (2.020 nm).
- Polymer-based samples showed semicrystalline properties, with PMMA-HAc (22%), PMMA-HA (16%), and PMMA (12%).
- PMMA-HA demonstrated the most hydrophilic behavior (contact angle 47.28°), indicating superior wettability compared to PMMA-HAc (74.53°), PMMA (75.70°), and SLA-Ti (84.36°).
- PMMA-HAc had the largest average pore diameter (141.07 μm), followed by PMMA-HA (30.86 μm), PMMA (18.30 μm), and SLA-Ti (3.97 μm).
Conclusions:
- The study characterized diverse surface properties of PMMA-HA and titanium-based dental implants.
- PMMA-HA implants displayed favorable hydrophilic characteristics, suggesting potential for enhanced osseointegration.
- Surface properties like roughness, pore size, and wettability vary significantly among the tested implant materials.
