Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Chitosan/Interfering RNA Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Silencing in Disease Vector Mosquito Larvae
08:36

Chitosan/Interfering RNA Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Silencing in Disease Vector Mosquito Larvae

Published on: March 25, 2015

15.1K

Luteolin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Fenvalerate-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Humoral Immune Suppression

Ahmed M S Hegazy1, Ayat B Al-Ghafari2,3,4, Huda A Al Doghaither2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|March 5, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Fenvalerate causes kidney damage and immune suppression. LUT-loaded chitosan nanoparticles protected rats by restoring kidney function, reducing oxidative stress, and boosting immunity, showing superior effects to crude luteolin.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Fenvalerate (FEV), a pyrethroid insecticide, is known to cause nephrotoxicity and immune suppression.
  • Luteolin (LUT), a natural flavonoid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) can enhance the bioavailability and delivery of therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective effects of crude luteolin (LUT) and LUT-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (LUT-CHNPs) against Fenvalerate (FEV)-induced nephrotoxicity and immune suppression in male Wistar rats.
  • To compare the efficacy of LUT-CHNPs with crude LUT in mitigating FEV toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and treated orally for 30 days.
  • Groups included: control, LUT, LUT-CHNPs, FEV, FEV + LUT, and FEV + LUT-CHNPs.
  • Biochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic, and immunological parameters were assessed. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • FEV exposure increased renal biomarkers, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic proteins, while decreasing antioxidant enzymes, GSH, NRF2/HO-1, Bcl-2, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM).
  • LUT-CHNPs significantly ameliorated FEV-induced alterations, restoring renal function, oxidative balance, and humoral immunity.
  • Histopathology confirmed LUT-CHNPs preserved kidney architecture and mitochondrial integrity, demonstrating superior efficacy over crude LUT.

Conclusions:

  • LUT-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively protect against Fenvalerate-induced nephrotoxicity and immune suppression.
  • LUT-CHNPs demonstrate enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy compared to crude luteolin.
  • This study highlights the potential of nano-formulated luteolin as a protective agent against pesticide-induced organ damage and immune dysfunction.
Keywords:
chitosan nanoparticlesfenvaleratehumoral immunityluteolinnephrotoxicityoxidative stress

More Related Videos

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Validation of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii Action Mechanism Against Lung Adenocarcinoma13:18

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Validation of Trichosanthes-Fritillaria thunbergii Action Mechanism Against Lung Adenocarcinoma

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.8K
Establishment of Hepatocarcinoma in BALB/c-nu Mice and Investigation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Sanleng Jiashen Formula09:03

Establishment of Hepatocarcinoma in BALB/c-nu Mice and Investigation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Sanleng Jiashen Formula

Published on: January 26, 2024

740

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...