Assessment of biochemical markers associated with inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction-Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term inflammation. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties that reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, study the relationship between these factors and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factorα (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

This case-control study included a total of 100 participants within the age range of 45 to 65 years. There were 50 participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 50 healthy individuals (control).

The levels of serum IL-6 were significantly increased in the T2DM group compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T2DM group were increased levels of HOMA-IR, TNF-α, and CRP compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The patient group showed a decreased in 25-OH vitamin D levels (P > 0.05). Although the mean serum PTH level increased, this increase was significantly greater in the T2DM group compared to the control group.

The study revealed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D, HBA1C, and HOMA-IR. There is also a strong positive correlation between HOMA-IR and HBA1c, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. This suggests that vitamin D and PTH play a role in glycemic control.