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A hybrid machine learning approach for predicting traffic accident collision severity.

Zhengping Tan1,2,3, Lei Cui1,3, Hao Xu1

  • 1School of Automotive and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu, China.

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study introduces a novel neural network to accurately predict traffic accident severity, overcoming challenges like feature coupling and class imbalance for safer autonomous driving systems. The new model significantly improves prediction accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Traffic safety research
  • Machine learning applications
  • Autonomous driving systems

Background:

  • Predicting traffic accident severity is crucial for autonomous driving safety but is hindered by feature coupling and class imbalance.
  • Existing methods struggle to reliably address these challenges, limiting their practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an effective deep learning model for accurate traffic accident severity prediction.
  • To address feature coupling and class imbalance issues in accident data analysis.
  • To enhance the reliability of autonomous driving safety systems.

Main Methods:

  • A Dynamic and Static Cross Entropy Integrated Neural Network (DSCE-INN) was proposed.
  • A Weighted Injury Coefficient and K-means clustering were used for severity reclassification.
Keywords:
Collision severityautonomous drivingmachine learningneural networksafety

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  • Feature decoupling, dynamic-static weighted cross-entropy loss, soft-hard voting, L1 regularization, and focal loss were employed.
  • Main Results:

    • The DSCE-INN model achieved prediction accuracies of 0.782, 0.729, and 0.801.
    • The proposed model significantly outperformed a baseline Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
    • The methods effectively mitigated feature coupling and class imbalance issues.

    Conclusions:

    • The DSCE-INN model demonstrates significant effectiveness and practical value for improving autonomous driving safety.
    • The study successfully addressed key challenges in traffic accident severity prediction.
    • The findings pave the way for more reliable safety systems in autonomous vehicles.