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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
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Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

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Using deep learning to predict the sex of human embryos.

Mingshu Liang1, Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz2, Adiyant Lamba3

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Deep learning models can predict human embryo sex with 61% accuracy using time-lapse videos. Subtle sex differences in early human embryogenesis emerge after the eight-cell stage, offering insights into developmental abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Sex differences in human pre-implantation development are not well understood.
  • Previous observational studies have yielded inconclusive results.
  • Early embryonic development is crucial for understanding developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if birth sex influences early human embryo development dynamics.
  • To determine if subtle sex-related differences exist in pre-implantation embryos.
  • To explore the potential of AI in predicting embryonic sex.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 515 time-lapse human embryo movies.
  • Combined manual annotation and deep learning approaches.
  • Training and testing a deep learning model for sex prediction.

Main Results:

  • Manual assessment found no reliable developmental timing differences between sexes.
  • A deep learning model achieved 61% statistically significant sex prediction accuracy.
  • The period after the eight-cell stage (around day 3) was identified as critical for prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle sex-related differences in human embryogenesis may emerge by day 3.
  • Deep learning can identify early sex-related developmental dynamics.
  • Findings may aid in understanding embryo failure, skewed sex ratios in IVF, and developing non-invasive detection tools for abnormalities.