Targeted delivery of curcumin based on nanocarriers: potential therapeutic strategies for noninfectious arthritis

Arthritis, an acute inflammatory disease affecting single or multiple joints, causes irreversible damage to cartilage and bone, leading to substantial pain and economic burden. Current treatments lack specificity. Curcumin, with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, shows promise in arthritis treatment, yet its poor water solubility and low bioavailability hinder clinical use. This study investigates the efficacy of a nanocarrier-based curcumin delivery system for non-infectious arthritis. Four types of nanocarriers-liposomes, biomolecule-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and improved nanocarriers-are reviewed for their ability to target curcumin delivery. These nanocarriers improve curcumin's therapeutic effects by enhancing pharmacokinetics, prolonging circulation, and protecting against degradation. Demonstrating potential in various non-infectious arthritis types, including ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and gout, this study underscores the efficacy of nanocarrier-based curcumin delivery systems in reducing inflammation, modulating immune responses, and alleviating disease symptoms. Future research should focus on optimizing nanocarrier design for increased bioavailability and conducting more clinical trials to validate safety and effectiveness in humans.