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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Interface-Enhanced Superconductivity in Ultrathin TiN Proximitized by Topological Insulators.

Renjie Xie1, Bowen Hao2, Min Ge3

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ACS Nano
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We discovered interface-enhanced superconductivity in topological insulator-superconductor (TI-SC) heterostructures. Interfacial charge transfer boosts critical temperature (Tc) in ultrathin superconducting (SC) films.

Keywords:
charge transferinterface engineeringinterface-enhanced superconductivitytopological insulator−superconductorultrathin TiN

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • High-quality topological insulator-superconductor (TI-SC) heterostructures are essential for topological superconductivity and quantum qubits.
  • Conventional research focuses on proximity effects in the topological insulator (TI) layer, neglecting manipulation of the superconductor (SC) layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interface-enhanced superconductivity in TI/TiN heterostructures.
  • To explore the role of interfacial charge transfer in manipulating superconductivity.
  • To develop tunable TI-SC hybrid systems with robust superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of TI/TiN heterostructures using ultrathin, air-stable TiN films.
  • Band structure measurements to observe Dirac point shifts.
  • First-principles calculations to elucidate charge transfer mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Observed interface-enhanced superconductivity in TI/TiN, differing from conventional proximity effects.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between Dirac point shifts and critical temperature (Tc) enhancement.
  • Identified interfacial charge transfer, particularly involving the BiTe (BiSe) bilayer, as the mechanism for Tc enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • TI/TiN heterostructures offer a tunable system with robust superconductivity at ultrathin thicknesses.
  • Interface engineering via charge transfer provides a novel route for manipulating superconductivity in TI-SC systems.
  • This work paves the way for advanced topological quantum devices.