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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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A unified platform for nucleoside analog synthesis.

Matthew J Anketell1, Ethan Fung1, Wenbin Liu2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

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Summary

A new photoredox coupling method enables high-throughput synthesis of nucleoside analogs (NAs) for drug discovery. This flexible platform generates diverse NA libraries, yielding compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Nucleoside analogs (NAs) are crucial for antiviral and anticancer treatments.
  • Current synthesis methods are lengthy and lack flexibility, limiting the exploration of NA chemical space.
  • Developing efficient, high-throughput NA synthesis is vital for discovering new therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and efficient platform for high-throughput synthesis of nucleoside analogs (NAs).
  • To enable the production of diverse NA libraries for drug discovery.
  • To identify novel NA compounds with potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a photoredox coupling strategy for NA synthesis.
  • Developed a scalable intermediate for synthesizing various NA classes, including C- and N-linked NAs.
  • Applied the platform to generate a diverse library of nucleoside analogs.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized both C- and N-linked nucleoside analogs.
  • Unified the synthesis of disparate NA classes (4'-thio, 4'-imino, ProTides) from a single intermediate.
  • Identified several hit compounds with significant anti-HIV-1 activity from the synthesized library.

Conclusions:

  • The reported photoredox coupling platform offers a robust and efficient method for high-throughput NA synthesis.
  • This approach significantly expands the accessible chemical space of nucleoside analogs.
  • The platform is expected to accelerate drug discovery efforts for antiviral and anticancer therapies.