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Psychosis Risk and Generative Artificial Intelligence Use Frequency, Motivations, and Delusion-Like Experiences:

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Young adults at elevated risk for psychosis use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) more intensively and for social-emotional support. These individuals also reported more human-like chatbot interactions and delusion-related content.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Mental Health
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Psychosis Risk

Background:

  • Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers potential for mental health support and companionship.
  • However, mainstream GenAI use may pose risks, particularly for individuals with psychosis symptoms.
  • Recent concerns highlight the need for empirical research on GenAI interactions among those at risk for psychosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between psychosis risk and GenAI usage frequency.
  • To examine motivations for GenAI use in relation to psychosis risk.
  • To assess GenAI interactions involving potential delusions among young adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of 1003 young adults in the United States was conducted.
  • Participants were categorized into "elevated risk" (N=267) and "low risk" (N=685) groups based on psychosis risk scores.
  • Groups were compared on assessments of GenAI use frequency, motivations, and interaction types.

Main Results:

  • Individuals at elevated risk showed significantly more intensive GenAI use (e.g., multiple daily sessions).
  • Those at elevated risk were more likely to use GenAI for social/emotional support and ascribe human-like roles to chatbots (e.g., friend, therapist).
  • Delusion-related interactions were commonly reported by individuals at elevated risk (13.3%–30.7%).

Conclusions:

  • GenAI chatbots may influence symptom experiences in young adults at risk for psychosis.
  • The overall positive or negative impact of GenAI on this population remains unclear.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuanced effects of GenAI on individuals with psychosis risk.