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Emergency Undocking in Robotic Surgery: A Simulation Curriculum

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How are Leadership Skills Currently Assessed in Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Chai Wei Tong¹, Mia Langnier², Christian Meletis²

¹Department of surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Surgical Education

|March 5, 2026

Summary

Surgical leadership assessment tools are varied and often overlap with other non-technical skills. Further research is needed to develop practical, validated leadership assessments for surgeons across all career stages.

Keywords:

leadership assessment tools scoping review surgery surgical leadership surgical training

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Area of Science:

Surgical education and leadership development.
Healthcare management and patient safety.
Non-technical skills assessment in medicine.

Background:

Leadership is crucial for surgical team performance and patient safety in high-pressure environments.
Current surgical leadership assessment tools are inconsistently defined and measured.
Existing tools often lack specificity for the unique demands of surgical leadership.

Conclusions:

Surgical leadership assessment tools are predominantly intraoperative and lack clear distinction from other non-technical skills.
Further research is essential to validate existing tools and create practical leadership assessments.
Development of assessments applicable across surgical settings and career stages is needed.