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Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides and peptides as a promising approach for managing myocardial infarction and stroke
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran1, Samaneh Rezaei2, Wael Almahmeed3
1Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Insights
Myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are leading causes of death. This review explores how decoy peptides and oligonucleotides can disrupt biological processes, offering potential new treatments for these cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular research
- Molecular biology and therapeutics
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are leading global causes of mortality and disability, with MI significantly increasing stroke risk.
- Shared risk factors like age, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking link coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke, suggesting common underlying pathologies such as inflammation and atherosclerosis.
- Acute MI presents as a severe manifestation of coronary artery disease, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality despite recent prognostic improvements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current research on the application of decoy-based strategies in mitigating myocardial infarction and stroke.
- To explore the mechanisms of decoy peptides and oligonucleotides in disrupting disease-related biological pathways.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature focusing on decoy peptides and oligonucleotide decoys in the context of MI and stroke.
- Analysis of how these decoy molecules interfere with receptor-ligand interactions and transcription factor binding.
Main Results:
- Decoy peptides act as structural analogs, blocking ligand-receptor interactions crucial in disease pathways.
- Oligonucleotide decoys, small DNA sequences, prevent transcription factors from binding to target gene sequences, thereby inhibiting specific biological processes.
- Both methods offer a way to disrupt biological processes by mimicking natural binding sites.
Conclusions:
- Decoy-based approaches represent a promising area of research for novel therapeutic interventions against myocardial infarction and stroke.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms of decoys can lead to targeted treatments for complex cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions.
- Further research into decoy peptides and oligonucleotides could yield significant advancements in managing these prevalent diseases.
Abstract:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Stroke ranks as another frequent cause of death and the foremost cause of disability. Acute MI is one of the most profound expressions of coronary artery illness and continues to be a predominant source of morbidity and death globally, although significant advancements in prognosis have occurred over the last decade. Importantly, MI elevates the risk of stroke in comparison to those without MI. Coronary heart disorder and certain subtypes of ischemic stroke have analogous pathogeneses, including inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. Moreover, MI may serve as a risk factor for stroke due to factors such as emboli following revascularization, atrial fibrillation associated with acute MI, or blood stasis in a partially functioning left ventricle. Moreover, stroke and MI share certain risk factors, including advancing age, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and smoking. Oligonucleotides and decoy peptides are used to disrupt biological processes by imitating natural binding sites. Decoy peptides function as structural analogs of receptor proteins, attaching to ligands and obstructing their interaction with the real receptors. Conversely, oligonucleotide decoys are small DNA sequences that attach to transcription factors and prevent them from attaching to the sequences of their target genes. This review summarizes decoy-based research on MI and stroke.
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