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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Orthopaedic burden in disaster: a scoping review.

Joshua McIntyre1, Sarah K Stewart2, Arul Ramasamy3,4

  • 1Army Medical Services, Camberley, UK joshua.mcintyre@nhs.scot.

BMJ Military Health
|March 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Orthopaedic injuries are a major challenge in disaster relief, with extremity trauma being most common. Standardized reporting is crucial for improving care and understanding injury patterns in global crises.

Keywords:
EPIDEMIOLOGYInternational health servicesORTHOPAEDIC & TRAUMA SURGERYTrauma management

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Disaster Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global disasters, exacerbated by climate change and geopolitical instability, increasingly challenge healthcare systems.
  • Musculoskeletal trauma is a significant cause of mortality and long-term disability in disaster settings.
  • Understanding the scope of orthopaedic injuries is vital for effective disaster response and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the orthopaedic burden in disaster settings.
  • To analyze demographic data, injury patterns, and interventions for orthopaedic trauma in disasters.
  • To identify gaps in research and reporting standards for disaster-related orthopaedic injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review was performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Searches were conducted in the PUBMED and EMBASE databases for original studies published between 2003 and 2023.
  • Data extraction focused on patient demographics, injury distribution, and orthopaedic interventions, followed by qualitative analysis.

Main Results:

  • Ten studies, covering 24,621 patients, met the inclusion criteria, with earthquakes being the most frequent disaster type.
  • Extremity injuries constituted 52-93% of all injuries, predominantly affecting the lower limbs.
  • Surgical intervention rates varied widely (0.2%-82.3%), with wound debridement being most common; compartment syndrome affected 2%-29.9% of cases. Study quality was generally poor.

Conclusions:

  • Orthopaedic injuries represent the largest proportion of trauma in disaster scenarios, necessitating specialized surgical expertise.
  • The development and implementation of standardized reporting are essential for comparing injury profiles across different disasters.
  • Future research must prioritize comprehensive reporting standards and investigate long-term outcomes in disaster response settings.