Bioinspired nanofluidic iontronic device with integrated photoreceptor and photosynaptic functions

Biological vision acquires external information through light-induced transmembrane ion transport, generating electrical impulses. Emulating the dual visual functions of photoreceptors and photosynapses through light-modulated ion transport presents a significant challenge. Herein, we present a bioinspired light-regulated nanofluidic iontronic device that can mimic biological visual functionalities, realized through an engineered carbon nanotube and molybdenum disulfide (CNT/MoS₂) heterostructure. This bioinspired device combines two key functionalities of photoreceptor-like optical sensing and photosynaptic signal processing with dynamically adjustable polarity-switching behavior, achieved via bias voltage-modulated transient photoresponse speeds. Both theoretical and experimental results prove that light-modulated ion transport originates from the heterointerface-induced asymmetric photovoltage generation across CNT/MoS₂ nanotube. Furthermore, we demonstrate its implementation for both accurate orientation recognition and reliable fingerprint detection under varying incident light angles. The device's bidirectional photoresponsiveness highlights its unique advantages for adaptive visual simulation systems.