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Pathways to global hydrogen production within planetary boundaries.

Michaël Lejeune1,2, Sami Kara3,4, Michael Zwicky Hauschild5,6

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Global clean hydrogen production, even in favorable scenarios, is projected to be unsustainable from 2025-2050. Earth system interactions amplify its planetary footprint, necessitating a reevaluation of production pathways for sustainable hydrogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Hydrogen is crucial for decarbonizing challenging sectors and meeting climate goals.
  • The comprehensive planetary footprint of hydrogen production, including Earth system interactions, is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the planetary footprint of global clean hydrogen production.
  • To assess the impact of Earth system interactions on hydrogen's sustainability.
  • To evaluate the sustainability of different hydrogen production pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bottom-up system model.
  • Integrated an Earth system interaction model.
  • Quantified the planetary footprint of global clean hydrogen production from 2025 to 2050.

Main Results:

  • Global hydrogen production is likely unsustainable even under favorable scenarios.
  • Earth system interactions significantly amplify the planetary footprint of hydrogen.
  • Bio-based hydrogen production is substantially more unsustainable than other methods.

Conclusions:

  • Current clean hydrogen production trends are not sustainable.
  • The focus on "green hydrogen" overlooks critical sustainability aspects.
  • Decarbonizing existing capacity and reconsidering production pathways are essential for sustainable hydrogen.