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Examining adaptive functioning in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease

Corinne M Anton1,2,3, Kelli N Triplett2,3,4, Ila A Iverson2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's Health - Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
|March 5, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Young children with congenital heart disease often show lower adaptive skills, impacting daily living. This study highlights the link between adaptive functioning, cognitive abilities, and factors like genetic syndromes and parental education.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neurodevelopmental Science
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is linked to neurodevelopmental impairments in children.
  • Adaptive functioning is crucial for independence and quality of life, yet poorly understood in young children with CHD.
  • Early identification and support for adaptive skills are vital for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe adaptive functioning in young children (ages 2-5) with a history of congenital heart disease.
  • To examine the relationship between adaptive skills, developmental status, and cognitive abilities in this cohort.
  • To identify factors associated with variations in adaptive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical registry data from 104 children (ages 2-5) with CHD.
  • Inclusion of English-monolingual and Spanish-bilingual participants evaluated at a cardiac neurodevelopmental program.
  • Utilized standardized measures for adaptive, developmental, and cognitive functioning; employed descriptive and correlational analyses.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive skills and cognitive abilities generally fell in the low average to below average ranges.
  • Significant associations were found between adaptive skills and both developmental and cognitive functioning.
  • Lower adaptive skills correlated with genetic syndromes; higher adaptive skills linked to parental education. Females showed higher conceptual skills.

Conclusions:

  • Young children with CHD exhibit challenges in adaptive functioning, closely tied to their cognitive and developmental profiles.
  • Genetic syndromes and parental education are significant factors influencing adaptive skills in this group.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to support adaptive development in children with CHD.

Keywords:
Adaptive functioningcardiac neurodevelopmentcognitive functioningcongenital heart diseaseneurodevelopmental outcomes

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