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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Author Spotlight: A Pipeline to Analyze Lineage-Specific Mutant Embryos at Single-Cell Resolution
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Mitochondrial and Ribosomal Stress Underlying Pronuclear Envelope Breakdown Failure: Insights From Single-Cell

Chaoying Wang1,2,3, Junnan Fang1,2,3, Guang Yang1,2,3

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Molecular Reproduction and Development
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pronuclear Envelope Breakdown (PNEB) failure in ICSI embryos is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired ribosome biogenesis. This study identifies the MT-ND1-RPL10A/RPL38 axis as a potential marker for embryo quality assessment.

Keywords:
assisted reproductive technologymitochondrial dysfunctionpronuclear envelope breakdown failureribosomal stresssingle‐cell transcriptome

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Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Embryology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Pronuclear Envelope Breakdown (PNEB) failure is a major cause of early arrest in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving PNEB failure and its impact on embryonic development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory network associated with PNEB failure.
  • To investigate the impact of PNEB failure on embryonic development.
  • To identify potential molecular markers for ICSI embryo quality.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PNEB-type 2PN and 3PN zygotes.
  • Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules linked to PNEB failure.
  • Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression for core gene screening.
  • Analysis of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function using ROS and JC-1 fluorescence staining.

Main Results:

  • 1294 DEGs were identified, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes (MT-ND1, MT-CO3) and downregulation of DNA repair genes.
  • WGCNA identified a light-green module strongly associated with PNEB failure, with hub genes RPL10A and RPL38 involved in ribosome biogenesis.
  • Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction (decreased JC-1 ratio) and elevated ROS levels were observed in the PNEB failure group.
  • Functional interactions between MT-ND1 and RPL10A suggest a link between mitochondrial function and ribosomal assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and ribosomal assembly abnormalities are key contributors to PNEB failure and subsequent disruption of nuclear envelope stability.
  • The MT-ND1-RPL10A/RPL38 axis represents a novel potential molecular marker for evaluating ICSI embryo quality.