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MXene/biomacromolecule composites: structures, properties, fabrication and applications.

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MXene/biomacromolecule composites combine MXene

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • MXene/biomacromolecule composites integrate MXenes' electrical and photothermal properties with natural macromolecules' mechanical strength and processability.
  • This field is rapidly advancing, creating versatile hybrid materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a unified framework for MXene/biomacromolecule composites.
  • To classify architectures, compare fabrication strategies, and summarize interfacial assembly principles.
  • To critically review recent progress and identify challenges and opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of architectures into membranes/films, papers, gels, and nonwoven structures.
  • Systematic comparison of fabrication strategies: vacuum-assisted assembly, solution casting, printing, electrospinning, and gelation.
  • Summary of interfacial assembly principles: hydrogen bonding, electrostatic/coordination interactions, and hierarchical structural confinement.

Main Results:

  • Four main architecture categories and five fabrication strategies were identified.
  • Interfacial interactions and structural confinement are key for suppressing MXene restacking and enabling transport pathways.
  • Progress was reviewed across applications including EMI shielding, soft actuation, biomedicine, energy storage, flexible electronics, and water purification.

Conclusions:

  • MXene/biomacromolecule composites offer significant potential across diverse applications.
  • Key challenges include oxidation mitigation, long-term stability, scalable manufacturing, and biosafety evaluation.
  • Future development requires computational guidance for multifunctional integration and robust design principles.