Epidemiological Trends and Clinical Profile of Dengue in Assam: A Retrospective Analysis From 2022 to 2025

Background Dengue causes a significant public health challenge in northeastern India, yet current epidemiological data from Assam remain limited. This study examines the epidemiological profile, demographic characteristics, seasonal trends, and clinical presentation of dengue cases reported from a tertiary care hospital in Barpeta district, Assam. Methods This hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from 2022 to 2025. A total of 1,119 clinically suspected dengue patients were screened for dengue virus-specific NS1 antigen and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Demographic details, seasonal variation, and clinical manifestation of laboratory-confirmed cases were analyzed. Results A total of 1,119 clinically suspected cases were considered, out of which 152 (13.6%) were laboratory-confirmed for dengue infection. Dengue positivity exhibited noticeable year-to-year variability, with the highest burden recorded in 2023. Males were incommensurately affected, and the 21-40-year age group constituted the largest share of confirmed cases, indicating increased transmission among the physically active population. A striking seasonal pattern was observed, characterized by a substantial rise in cases during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods, consistent with vector proliferation during periods of high rainfall and humidity. Urban residents were associated with a higher incidence of dengue infection compared to rural settings. The most widely reported clinical manifestations included fever, headache, and musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion Overall, the findings emphasize that the sustained burden of dengue in the regionand underscore the importance of strengthening vector monitoring systems, executing timely preventive measures, and enhancing early diagnostic capacity to take the edge of future outbreaks.