Liquid Surface Synthesis of Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskite

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskite-like quantum wells can be obtained by slicing the inorganic perovskite lattices with large organic molecules, where the number of consecutive inorganic slabs (n) determines the quantum confinement. Synthesizing large-area and ultrathin 2D perovskite sheets is crucial to achieving heterostructures for future thin-sheet optoelectronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate a synthesis method in which perovskite precursor solutions are introduced on an antisolvent liquid surface. Well-defined n = 1 sheets with sub-10 nm thickness and up to 50 μm lateral size are obtained in a scalable manner. This is achieved through careful engineering of subphase and spreading phase compositions to encourage controlled perovskite crystallization at the antisolvent-air interface. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations reveal a high phase purity and a clean excitonic emission, with their overall optical properties comparable to those of the highly crystalline films fabricated by blade coating, highlighting the clear potential of this liquid surface synthesis strategy.