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Chitosan/Polyvinyl-alcohol Film Bio-composite loaded by Caesalpinea sappan extract with enhanced super bug
Paundra Rizky Pratama1, Salsabila Aida Fitriya2, Arif Fadlan3
1Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, 60111 Indonesia.
Abstract:
The improvement of the antibacterial properties of chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based bio-composites is widely pursued because it holds great promise for a variety of sustainable food packaging applications. This study reports the improvement of the antibacterial properties of CS/PVA by loading C. sappan extract (CSE), a natural bioactive component, against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The effect of CSE on the physical and mechanical properties of the CS/PVA film was also investigated. Notably, the CSE-loaded bio-composites exhibited selectivity for targeting gram-positive bacteria and significantly improved the inhibition zone, reaching 17.4 mm, 29.5 mm (4%), 23.9 mm, and 41.6 mm (6%) for SA and MRSA, respectively. The CS/PVA/CSE film, as a packaging sheet, is also able to preserve bread for up to 1 month by repelling the growth of microorganisms. The addition of CSE to the bio-composite film slightly affects its biodegradability and ultraviolet barrier properties. The CSE added to the CS/PVA bio-composite film acts as a plasticizer, improving its mechanical properties. Hence, CSE-loaded CS/PVA bio-composite films could be prospective eco-friendly bioactive packaging candidates for sustainable food preservation.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-025-06231-0.
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