Comparison of manual gold standard with 2 automatic body condition scoring systems for dairy cows

This study assessed the agreement between manual and automatic body condition scoring systems, with a focus on evaluating 2 automated scoring systems by DeLaval (older and newer) for commercial dairy farms. Manual scoring was conducted by experienced assessors using a standardized protocol, and results were compared with data from automated systems. Manual scores showed strong consistency between assessors, supporting the reliability of the method when properly applied. Both automated systems correlated well with manual scores. However, the older system consistently overestimated scores, particularly in thinner cows, whereas the newer system demonstrated closer alignment with manual assessments under the present conditions, though it slightly underestimated early-lactation body condition loss. Despite some limitations in individual cow assessment, especially during early lactation, the newer system represents a potential advancement and both systems are suitable for group-level management. Further refinement is recommended to enhance its precision for individual animal-level monitoring and research applications.