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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Antiasthma Drugs: β₂-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce...

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
Theophylline is thought to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This rise in cAMP and cGMP concentrations stimulates cardiac function,...

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Therapies for bronchiectasis: mechanisms and potential effects.

Long Yu¹, Hong-Rui Zhu², Xue-Hang Jin¹

¹Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|March 6, 2026

Summary

New treatments for bronchiectasis are urgently needed. Emerging therapies focus on reducing inflammation, improving mucus clearance, and fighting infections, aiming for personalized medicine approaches.

Keywords:

anti-infectious drugs anti-inflammatory drugs bronchiectasis bronchodilators therapy

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Published on: November 4, 2010

A Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Therapy for Bronchial Asthma: Moxibustion

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Published on: May 12, 2023

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
Pharmacology and Drug Development

Background:

Bronchiectasis is a complex, heterogeneous respiratory disease with limited approved treatments for non-cystic fibrosis cases.
Current therapies for bronchiectasis often lack strong evidence of efficacy, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging drugs in clinical development for adult bronchiectasis.
To explore the mechanisms and potential benefits of these new therapies, including anti-inflammatory, mucociliary clearance enhancement, and anti-infectious effects.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive review of scientific literature.
Analysis of clinical trial registries for ongoing and planned studies.

Main Results:

Identified emerging therapies targeting key pathophysiological mechanisms of bronchiectasis.
Highlighted the need for patient stratification using biomarkers and clinical assessments for precision medicine.

Conclusions:

Development of new antibiotics, neutrophil-targeted therapies, and mucus-clearing agents is crucial.
A multidisciplinary approach emphasizing precision medicine is essential to reduce disease burden and exacerbations in bronchiectasis patients.