Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
Published on: January 31, 2022
Unveiling an Uncommon Complication: Pleural Effusion Secondary to Pioglitazone Use
Ranjana Chimauriya1, Abhinandan Chittal2, Khalid Malik2
1MedStar Health Georgetown University (Baltimore) Internal Medicine Residency Program, USA.
Abstract:
Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, is used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing insulin resistance. While peripheral edema and fluid retention are well-documented adverse effects, isolated pleural effusion in the absence of heart failure is rare. We present the fourth reported case of a woman in her 60s with Type 2 diabetes who developed recurrent left-sided pleural effusion after the initiation and dose escalation of pioglitazone. The effusion resolved completely following discontinuation of the drug. This case underscores the importance of early recognition of drug-induced pleural effusion and timely cessation of the offending agent to prevent morbidity.
Related Concept Videos
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...

