Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Intestinal Diseases: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Oncology

Background:

• Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular networks primarily composed of DNA, histones, and various proteins.
• NETs are implicated in immune responses, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of diseases including tumors.
• Their role in intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the latest research on the involvement of NETs in intestinal diseases.
• To explore the mechanisms by which NETs contribute to IBD and CRC development.
• To provide a valuable reference for future research in this interdisciplinary field.

Main Methods:

• This study is a comprehensive literature review.
• It synthesizes findings from recent research articles and reviews.
• Focuses on studies investigating NETs in the context of intestinal diseases.

Main Results:

• NETs are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• NETs play a role in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
• NETs contribute to the proliferation, metastasis, and thrombosis of colorectal cancer cells, potentially interacting with gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

• NETs are critical players in the development and progression of various intestinal diseases.
• Understanding NETs' functions offers potential therapeutic targets for IBD and colorectal cancer.
• Further research is warranted to fully elucidate NETs' complex roles in gastrointestinal health and disease.