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Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
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NEO-PGA: Nonvolatile electro-optically programmable gate array.

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Researchers developed a scalable, nonvolatile photonic programmable gate array using chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs). This breakthrough overcomes limitations of current photonic integrated circuits, enabling advanced on-chip photonic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Integrated Circuits

Background:

  • Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PPICs) offer reconfigurable systems but face scalability issues due to volatile thermo-optic tuning, causing high power consumption and thermal crosstalk.
  • Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) present a nonvolatile alternative with significant optical contrast, but optical loss and bit precision have limited their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a low-loss, multibit control of Sb2Se3, a chalcogenide phase-change material.
  • To integrate electrically reconfigurable PCM gates into silicon photonic platforms for scalable PPICs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a closed-loop "program-and-verify" approach for precise control of Sb2Se3.
  • Integrated PCM gates into 300-millimeter silicon photonic platforms, creating both circulating and forward Mach-Zehnder interferometer meshes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved low-loss, multibit control of Sb2Se3, overcoming previous limitations.
  • Demonstrated broadband switching fabrics and high-Q coupled resonators using the circulating mesh.
  • Implemented spatial mode sorting capabilities with the forward mesh.

Conclusions:

  • Established a scalable, nonvolatile photonic programmable gate array enabled by PCMs.
  • Opened new avenues for general-purpose, on-chip programmable photonic systems.