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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

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Synergistic Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Mechanisms for Working Memory.

Florian Fiebig1, Nikolaos Chrysanthisdis1, Anders Lansner1,2,3

  • 1KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Working memory mechanisms are better explained by combining plasticity types, not single explanations. This composite model enhances spiking neural network models for cognitive tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive tasks, but its underlying neural and synaptic mechanisms are debated.
  • Traditional models focus on persistent neuronal firing, while newer ideas suggest dynamic maintenance mechanisms.
  • Existing computational models explore various biologically plausible plasticity mechanisms for WM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interactions between different short-term plasticity mechanisms in working memory.
  • To evaluate if combining plasticity mechanisms offers a more comprehensive explanation than reductionist models.
  • To enhance the biological plausibility and functional range of spiking neural network models for WM.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic testing of combinations of intrinsic excitability, synaptic facilitation/augmentation, and Hebbian plasticity.
  • Utilizing a spiking neural network model.
  • Evaluating performance across a suite of WM task motifs including one-shot encoding, free/cued recall, and multi-item maintenance/updating.

Main Results:

  • Composite models integrating multiple plasticity mechanisms outperformed reductionist models in operational task performance.
  • Interactions between plasticity mechanisms broadened the functional range of WM models.
  • Specific plasticity types were identified as key contributors to observable performance differences.

Conclusions:

  • A composite approach to modeling working memory plasticity is superior to reductionist explanations.
  • Interactions among plasticity mechanisms enhance both model functionality and biological plausibility.
  • Understanding the interplay of different plasticity types is essential for advancing computational models of working memory.