Diagnostic Potential of Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 for Peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review

To assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis in patients with dental implants.

The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus up to October 31, 2025, supplemented by manual and gray literature searches. Studies assessing aMMP-8, a collagenase released during active inflammation, in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis were included. Data on biomarker detection methods, diagnostic performance-in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC-AUC)-and correlations with clinical indices were extracted. Eight studies that were published between 2016 and 2025, with a total of 506 patients (293 with healthy peri-implant tissues or mucositis and 213 diagnosed with peri-implantitis), met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A qualitative analysis was conducted by compiling a summary of findings for all included studies.

Study quality was generally high (mean NOS score: 7.1 ± 0.6). Seven studies assessed aMMP-8 using point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay and one used immunoassay after PISF freezing and thawing. The aMMP-8 levels were consistently higher in sites with peri-implantitis compared to sites with mucositis and healthy sites. Reported diagnostic sensitivity for peri-implantitis ranged 70% to 100%, specificity from 74.1% to 100.0%, and ROC-AUC from 0.80 to 0.88. Due to heterogeneity across included studies, no meta-analysis was performed.

aMMP-8 in PISF represents a noninvasive biomarker with a high diagnostic accuracy for early detection of peri-implantitis. Standardization of cutoff thresholds and longitudinal validation are required before routine clinical integration.