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CLAS-hdEEG: high-density EEG software platform for real-time delta wave detection and closed-loop auditory

Hanieh Bazregarzadeh1, Clara Pic Roca1,2, Antonio Martin1

  • 1Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord de l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed CLAS-hdEEG, a novel high-density EEG software for closed-loop auditory stimulation during sleep. This system achieves precise, real-time phase-targeted stimulation with minimal latency, enhancing sleep oscillation research.

Keywords:
EGI Net Amp 300auditory stimulationclosed-loop systemhigh-density EEGreal-time delta wave detection

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) can modulate sleep slow oscillations but faces technical limitations.
  • Existing methods struggle with real-time detection and precise timing for effective stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and validate CLAS-hdEEG, a high-density EEG (hd-EEG) software platform for real-time, phase-targeted auditory stimulation.
  • Achieve low detection-to-stimulation latency for precise modulation of sleep oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed CLAS-hdEEG software integrated with the Magstim EGI system for 128-channel hd-EEG.
  • Implemented online delta wave detection using filters and event-based triggers for auditory stimuli.
  • Validated system performance in 14 healthy participants during N3 sleep, measuring latency and phase-targeting accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a mean detection-to-stimulation latency of 20.03 ± 0.5 ms.
  • Demonstrated a high phase-targeting success rate of 91.3%, with stimuli delivered within 90° phase windows.
  • Confirmed strong agreement between online and offline delta wave detection (F1 ≈ 0.80).

Conclusions:

  • CLAS-hdEEG is the first hd-EEG software for closed-loop auditory stimulation within the EGI environment, proving technically and temporally valid.
  • The platform offers low latency and high-density spatial sampling for studying neural dynamics during consciousness states.
  • Provides a robust framework for future research on auditory stimulation and brain activity.