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Lipid oxidation-mediated protein-starch interactions in walnut cookies: Influence of oil composition on
Li Fang1, Yujin Zhang1, Rong Chen1
1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
This study investigates how oil composition affects oxidative stability and quality in walnut cookies. This study elucidated how oil composition affects oxidative stability, structural evolution, and quality deterioration in walnut cookies through protein-starch-lipid interactions. Cookies prepared with polyunsaturated sunflower oil, saturated palm oil, and monounsaturated high-oleic rapeseed oil were evaluated over 49 days. Sunflower oil cookies oxidized rapidly, causing a 30.5% depletion of protein sulfhydryls and a 48.5% increase in carbonyls. This protein oxidation and conformational unfolding (4.24% loss of α-helix) accelerated starch retrogradation, increasing crystallinity by 20.79% and hardness to 11.8 Newtons. Conversely, high-oleic rapeseed oil maintained oxidative stability, restricted crystallinity growth to 12.48%, and preserved textural softness better than palm oil. Results indicate that lipid oxidation products actively destabilize the protein-starch network, thereby accelerating staling. Monounsaturated oils offer a superior balance of oxidative stability and anti-staling functionality, helping extend the shelf-life of high-fat bakery products.
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