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Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...
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Exploring the brain basis of self-monitoring.

Arianna Vecchio1, S Cohen-Zimerman2, J Grafman3

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|March 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-monitoring, crucial for social behavior, relies on the left postcentral gyrus and parietal lobe. Damage to these areas, particularly after brain injury, impairs self-awareness and cognitive functions essential for social adaptation.

Keywords:
Left-hemisphereParietal lobePenetrating traumatic brain injuryPost–central gyrusSelf-monitoringVoxel-based lesion-symptom mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Self-monitoring, the capacity to regulate behavior according to social contexts, is vital for social functioning.
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to deficits in self-monitoring, impacting executive functions and cognitive abilities.
  • Previous research implicates the left postcentral gyrus and parietal cortex in social cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of self-monitoring deficits following penetrating brain injuries.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with discrepancies between self- and other-evaluations of self-monitoring.
  • To establish a causal link between brain structure and the ability to monitor social behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of self-reported self-monitoring scores from 99 individuals with penetrating brain injuries and their relatives.
  • Application of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) to correlate lesion locations with self-monitoring assessment differences.
  • Comparison of self-evaluations with caregiver perspectives to identify discrepancies in self-monitoring appraisal.

Main Results:

  • Impaired self-monitoring appraisal in individuals with brain injuries is significantly associated with damage to the left postcentral gyrus.
  • Lesions in the parietal lobe and connected subcortical pathways correlate with reduced ability to regulate goal-directed behaviors in social contexts.
  • Discrepancies between self- and other-perceived self-monitoring abilities are linked to cognitive function deficits and specific brain lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The left postcentral gyrus and parietal lobe are critical for accurate self-monitoring of social behavior.
  • Self-awareness and intact cognitive functions, supported by these brain regions, are essential for effective social adaptation.
  • This study provides causal evidence linking brain injury, cognitive function, and the capacity for self-monitoring in social situations.