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Evaluating Artificial Intelligence-Generated Nursing Care Plans: A Scenario-Based Comparative Study of Accuracy,
Dilek Yilmaz Akyaz1, Deniz Esim1, Gokce Naz Cakir2
1Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Journal of Clinical Nursing
|March 6, 2026
Summary
Generative AI tools can draft nursing care plans, but require expert review due to incompleteness and readability issues. DeepSeek showed slight advantages in accuracy and completeness for nursing care plans.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Clinical Decision Support
Background:
- Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential for automating clinical documentation.
- Nursing care plans are essential for structured patient care but are time-consuming to create.
- Standardised nursing terminologies, including North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), guide care plan development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the clinical accuracy, comprehensiveness, and readability of nursing care plans generated by three AI tools: ChatGPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek.
- To assess AI performance across diverse nursing specialties using standardised nursing taxonomies.
- To explore the potential of AI as a supportive tool in nursing documentation.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive comparative study design was employed.
- Ten expert-validated clinical scenarios from five nursing specialties were used.
- AI tools responded to prompts based on NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC, with outputs evaluated by experts on quality, accuracy, completeness, and readability.
Main Results:
- All AI tools generated moderate-to-high quality nursing care plans.
- DeepSeek exhibited slightly superior accuracy and completeness compared to Gemini and ChatGPT.
- Surgical nursing scenarios showed the highest AI performance, while all outputs were deemed incomplete and had college-level readability.
Conclusions:
- Generative AI can assist in creating structured nursing care plans, serving as preliminary drafts.
- Expert review and adaptation are crucial for AI-generated nursing care plans, especially in less standardized clinical areas.
- Limitations in completeness and readability necessitate careful clinical integration and validation of AI outputs.
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