Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 8, 2026
Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Published on: June 12, 2021
Permanent Supportive Housing and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: A
Sameed Ahmed M Khatana1,2,3,4, Jingyi Wu5,6, Peter W Groeneveld5,7,8,9
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. sameed.khatana@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Background:
Veterans experiencing homelessness have a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying approaches that can improve the health of this population is crucial.
Objective:
The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) provides permanent supportive housing (PSH) assistance. We examined whether obtaining PSH through HUD-VASH was associated with changes in outcomes among Veterans with CVD experiencing homelessness.
Design:
Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, outcomes among Veterans who received a HUD-VASH voucher and moved into PSH within one month (early group) were compared with those who received a voucher but remained unhoused for at least six months (delayed group).
Participants:
Veterans ≥ 18 years of age with CVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, ischemic stroke/cerebrovascular disease, or atrial fibrillation) who experienced ≥ 6 months of homelessness and received a HUD-VASH voucher in 2016 to 2019.
Intervention:
Entering PSH after receiving a HUD-VASH voucher.
Main Measures:
Six-month probability of a cardiovascular ED visit or hospitalization.
Key Results:
Among 970 Veterans with CVD experiencing homelessness, 845 were in the early and 125 in the delayed PSH group. There was a significant decrease in the 6-month probability of cardiovascular ED visits or hospitalizations (16.3% [95% CI 13.9% - 18.7%] to 11.9% [95% CI 9.8% - 14.0%]) among Veterans who received a voucher and moved into PSH within one month, but no statistically significant change among Veterans who did not move into PSH for at least 6 months (13.4% [95% CI 8.0% - 18.8%] to 18.1% [95% CI 11.4% - 24.8%]) for a DID estimate of -9.1 (95% CI -17.7 - -0.5) percentage points, p = 0.04.
Conclusions:
Obtaining PSH through HUD-VASH was associated with a significant decrease in the probability of CVD related ED visits or hospitalizations among Veterans with chronic CVD experiencing homelessness.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
01:29Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care
01:30Heart Failure V: Medical Management
01:29Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
Long-Term Care Facilities
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology