Intraocular Metastasis: Differential Diagnosis and Management

Intraocular metastases represent the most common type of malignant intraocular tumour in adults. These commonly affect the choroid but can also involve the iris, ciliary body, retina, vitreous, optic disc or lens. Breast and lung cancer are the most common origins of intraocular metastases. The diagnosis of intraocular metastases can be particularly challenging in patients without a prior history of cancer. Furthermore, treatment decisions may be complex, especially in individuals already receiving systemic therapy or in those with previous ocular treatment history. Herein, we present a review of the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, origins, clinical and imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment of intraocular metastases.