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Intraocular Metastasis: Differential Diagnosis and Management
Genovefa Μachairoudia1,2, Dimitrios Kazantzis3, Guy S Negretti1,2
1Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|March 7, 2026
Summary
Intraocular metastases, common in adults, originate from breast and lung cancers. Diagnosis and treatment are complex, especially in patients with no prior cancer history or existing therapies.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
Background:
- Intraocular metastases are the most frequent malignant intraocular tumors in adults.
- They most commonly involve the choroid but can affect various ocular structures.
- Breast and lung cancers are the primary sources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on intraocular metastases.
- To cover epidemiology, origins, clinical and imaging features, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of intraocular metastases.
Main Results:
- Discusses the challenges in diagnosing intraocular metastases in patients without a prior cancer history.
- Highlights the complexities in treatment decisions for patients undergoing systemic therapy or with prior ocular treatment.
Conclusions:
- Intraocular metastases present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
- A comprehensive understanding of their characteristics is crucial for effective management.
