Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
Complement Hyperactivation Is Mediated by Alternative and Lectin Pathways During Early Phase of Severe
Jinpeng Cao1,2, Gang Yang2,3, Tingting Cui1,2,4
1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Abstract:
Complement temporal activation kinetics, activation pathways, and their relationship with thromboinflammation and antibody responses in severe vaccination-COVID-19 remains unclear. Based on a vaccinated-infected cohort, we analyzed complement immune responses across mild to critical COVID-19 cases by a dynamic model. Our results showed that complement activation was earlier (7-14 days post symptom onset), more intense and lasted longer in severe and critical vaccination-COVID-19, mediated by alternative and lectin pathways instead of classical pathway. Moreover, complement activation in severe vaccination-COVID-19 was related to thromboinflammation but not to the virus-specific antibody response. Our study elucidated the kinetics of complement activation in vaccination-COVID-19 infection, revealing that Bb in alternative pathway were crucial in severe vaccination-COVID-19. These findings indicate the optimal timing for implementing complement activation-targeted interventions in the management of severe vaccination-COVID-19 and provide more potential therapeutic targets.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Complement System
Humoral Immune Responses
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions
Antibody Actions
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

