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Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells
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Lithium Extraction From Commercial Lithium-Ion Phosphate-Based Black Masses by Bioleaching Process.

Martin Gonson Rajan Nadar1,2,3, Joseph Jegan Roy1,2,3, Bin Cao2,4

  • 1Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), SCARCE Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
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Summary

This study demonstrates efficient lithium (Li) recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using bioleaching. The method achieved 90% Li recovery from black mass within 24 hours, offering a sustainable recycling solution.

Keywords:
batteriesbiohydrometallurgymetal extractionrecyclingsustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Lithium-ion battery production is rapidly increasing, driven by consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
  • Lithium (Li) is a critical component, but its natural resource availability and supply chain risks necessitate recycling.
  • Sustainable Li recovery from spent batteries is vital for environmental and industrial sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a bioleaching-mediated method for lithium recovery from lithium iron phosphate (LFP)-based black masses.
  • To investigate Li recovery at higher solid content using the bacterium Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.
  • To establish a sustainable and efficient process for recycling lithium from end-of-life batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Bioleaching of LFP-based commercial black masses using the autotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.
  • Utilized high solid content (100-150 g/L pulp density) in the bioleaching process.
  • Analyzed Li recovery using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
  • Characterized black masses pre- and post-bioleaching using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • Achieved 90% lithium recovery from two distinct commercial black masses.
  • Efficient recovery occurred within 6 to 24 hours at high pulp densities (100-150 g/L).
  • XRD and SEM analyses confirmed significant lithium extraction from the LFP black masses.

Conclusions:

  • Bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is an effective method for recovering lithium from LFP black masses.
  • The process demonstrates high efficiency and speed, even at elevated solid concentrations.
  • This bioleaching approach offers a promising sustainable pathway for lithium recycling in the battery industry.