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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Imine functionalized cross-linked chitosan based bio-sorbent as a pH tunable platform for efficient dye adsorption.

Vismaya Joseph1, Muhammed Arshad1, K Anupriya1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Calicut University P O, 673 635, Kerala, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|March 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel chitosan-based gel (ChDBAG) effectively removes anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater, achieving over 95% efficiency. This sustainable adsorbent shows high capacity and can be regenerated for multiple uses.

Keywords:
ChDBAGChitosanImine functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Wastewater contamination by dyes poses significant environmental challenges.
  • Chitosan, a biopolymer, offers potential for developing effective dye adsorbents due to its functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel chitosan-based crosslinked gel (ChDBAG) for efficient dye removal.
  • To evaluate the adsorption performance and regeneration capabilities of ChDBAG for various dyes.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan functionalization with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde.
  • Characterization using FTIR, UV-DRS, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, BET, and XPS.
  • Adsorption studies under varying pH, adsorbent dosage, and dye concentration, analyzed with isotherm and kinetic models.

Main Results:

  • ChDBAG demonstrated high removal efficiencies (>95%) for both anionic and cationic dyes across different pH conditions.
  • Maximum adsorption capacity for Congo Red reached 105.26 mg/g, fitting the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
  • The adsorbent was successfully regenerated and reused for up to ten cycles with maintained high efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • ChDBAG is a highly efficient and sustainable adsorbent for removing diverse dyes from wastewater.
  • The adsorption mechanism involves electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions.
  • ChDBAG shows promise for practical applications in treating dye-polluted water.