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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Affective Science
  • Emotion Regulation

Background:

  • Theoretical work emphasizes emotion regulation flexibility (ERF) over frequency for effectiveness.
  • Limited research has prospectively examined the relationship between ERF and emotion intensity/dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prospective associations between trait and state ERF and emotion intensity and dynamics.
  • To explore how different operationalizations of ERF predict future affect intensity and patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a measurement burst design with daily diary assessments over 2.5 years across two waves.
  • Assessed trait and state ERF, and intensity/dynamics (variability, instability, inertia) of positive and negative affect.
  • Sample included 175 young adults (Mage=18 years) with 7985 total daily observations.

Main Results:

  • Higher trait ERF predicted less variable and unstable negative affect (NA) in the future.
  • Higher state ERF predicted less intense but more consistent positive affect (PA) experience.
  • Intense NA predicted lower future trait ERF, and less persistent PA predicted lower future state ERF.

Conclusions:

  • Emotion intensity and dynamics are both regulators and outcomes of flexible ER processes, differing for NA and PA.
  • Trait and state ERF are distinct constructs with unique antecedents and consequences.
  • Findings provide novel insights into the prospective role of ERF in emotional well-being.