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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

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The Oocyte/Antral Follicle Count Index: Does Maximizing Oocyte Yield Translate Into Better Assisted Reproductive

Shir Danieli-Gruber1,2, Onit Sapir1, Dan Netanely1,2

  • 1Infertility and IVF Unit, the Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
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Summary

Aspirating more oocytes than the antral follicle count (AFC) does not impact fresh cycle outcomes but may increase cryopreserved oocytes and embryos for future fertility preservation or assisted reproduction.

Keywords:
IVF outcomeoocyte maturityoocyte/AFC index

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Infertility Treatment
  • Ovarian Stimulation

Background:

  • Antral follicle count (AFC) is a key indicator of ovarian reserve.
  • The optimal number of oocytes to aspirate relative to AFC in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is debated.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for maximizing ART cycle efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether aspirating more oocytes than the AFC benefits current and future ART cycle outcomes.
  • To compare outcomes between groups with an oocyte/AFC index (OAFCI) <1 and ≥1.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 399 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 283 fertility preservation (FP) cycles (2018-2022).
  • Patients were categorized by OAFCI (<1 or ≥1).
  • Primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) and live birth rates (LBR); secondary outcomes included oocyte maturity, fertilization, and cryopreservation rates.

Main Results:

  • Oocyte maturity was unaffected in ICSI but slightly lower in FP with OAFCI ≥1.
  • OAFCI ≥1 was linked to significantly more cryopreserved embryos (ICSI) and vitrified oocytes (FP).
  • No significant difference in CPR or LBR was observed between OAFCI groups in fresh cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Aspiration of more oocytes than AFC does not negatively affect fresh cycle success rates.
  • Higher oocyte yield, particularly when cryopreserved, may contribute to improved cumulative pregnancy rates in subsequent cycles.
  • This suggests a potential benefit for future reproductive potential through enhanced cryopreservation.