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Infertility and Periodontitis: Are We Connecting the Right Dots?
C Wetzel1, C V Bumm1, J Becker2
1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Journal of Dental Research
|March 9, 2026
Summary
Periodontal disease, a systemic inflammatory condition, is increasingly linked to infertility in both men and women. Further research is needed to confirm causality and explore therapeutic interventions for reproductive health.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Periodontology
- Immunology
Background:
- Infertility is a growing global health issue.
- Systemic inflammation, including periodontal disease, may negatively impact reproductive outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence linking periodontal disease to male and female infertility.
- To explore underlying biological mechanisms and identify research gaps.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of recent scientific literature.
- Critical examination of study quality, design, and clinical relevance.
- Focus on mechanisms: microbial translocation, inflammation, immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics.
Main Results:
- Periodontal disease is associated with idiopathic infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome in women.
- Poor periodontal status is linked to impaired semen parameters and idiopathic infertility in men.
- Existing studies are associative, with methodological limitations.
Conclusions:
- Periodontal disease may contribute to infertility through various biological pathways.
- Further high-quality research is required to establish causality and therapeutic potential.
- A framework for future research is proposed to address current limitations.
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