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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

Average and Heterogeneous Associations between Secondhand Smoking and Tooth Loss.

Y Q Chen¹, J M Zheng², Y Z Chen³

¹School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Journal of Dental Research

|March 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is linked to significant tooth loss in US adults. The impact is greater for older adults, those with lower socioeconomic status, and individuals with chronic health conditions.

Keywords:

health equity nutrition surveys passive smoking potential outcomes socioeconomic factors tobacco control

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Dental Research

Background:

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a widespread public health issue.
Existing research on SHS and tooth loss lacks population-level data and subgroup analysis.
Understanding the full impact of SHS on oral health is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the average and subgroup-specific effects of SHS exposure on tooth loss in US adults.
To utilize advanced causal inference methods for robust analysis of observational data.
To identify specific populations disproportionately affected by SHS-related tooth loss.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cross-sectional data from 6,019 non-smoking US adults (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2018).
Serum cotinine levels used to define SHS exposure.
Targeted minimum loss estimation (doubly robust estimator) for association quantification.
Causal forest method to evaluate heterogeneity and identify subgroup effects.

Main Results:

SHS exposure was associated with an average of 0.74 fewer teeth.
SHS exposure increased the probability of having fewer than 20 teeth by 4.6 percentage points.
Greater tooth loss associations were observed in adults aged ≥45, those with lower socioeconomic position, higher sugar intake, comorbidities, or extreme flossing frequencies.

Conclusions:

SHS exposure is significantly associated with increased tooth loss in US adults.
Disproportionate oral health burdens from SHS are evident in vulnerable populations, including those with socioeconomic disadvantages and chronic health conditions.
Integrating oral health into tobacco control and tailoring prevention strategies for high-risk groups are recommended.